Simultaneously with the Bergstr?sser-Jeffery quest for variance in the Qur’ânic texts the theory of Judaeo-Christian origins and the assumptions of Sprenger-N?ldeke-Muir about the Qur’ân and Qur’ânic wahy continued to be reiterated and developed. Thus in 1922 there appeared in Stuttgart Wilhelm Rudolph’s Abhangigkeit des Qorans von Judentum und Die Christentum. And in 1926, which witnessed the completion of Jeffery’s thesis on the "Foreign vocabulary etc.", and the publication of the first fascicule of Bergstr?sser’s Geschischte des Qorantexts and Horovitz’s Qur’ânic researches, there appeared in London the Rev. Richard Bell’s The Origin of Islam in its Christian Environment and at Stockholm Tor Andre’s Der Ursprung des Islams und des Christentum. (1) This was followed by the publication in 1930 of a rather lengthy article by Karl Ahrens on the same subject entitled "Christliches in Qoran". (2) And as if to mark the centenary of Abraham Geiger’s work, C. C. Torrey had his work, The Jewish Foundation of Islam, published from New York in 1933. (3) The same thesis was restated in A. I. Katsh’s Judaism in Islam which appeared in 1954. (4)

(e) The Bell-Watt Speculations

Meanwhile Richard Bell built upon the Sprenger-Muir-N?ldeke assumptions. Working on the assumptions of N?ldeke and Rodwell, he carried out a rearrangement of the sûrahs and issued a translation of the Qur’ân in two volumes under title The Qur’ân: Translation with a Critical Rearrangement of the Sûrahs. These were published in 1937 - 39 from Edinburgh. His arrangement of the sûrahs, however, differed from that of Rodwell. At the same time Bell worked on the nature of Qur’ânic wahy and the theory of "revision" of its text by the Prophet as suggested by N?ldeke and Rodwell. Bell first put forth his assumptions in a series of two articles in two issues of The Moslem World for 1934 under